@inproceedings{hardinggecco2009,
title = "Evolution, Development and Learning with Self Modifying Cartesian Genetic Programming",
author = "Simon Harding and Julian F. Miller and Wolfgang Banzhaf",
 booktitle = {GECCO '09: Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation},
 year = {2009},
 isbn = {978-1-60558-325-9},
 pages = {699--706},
 location = {Montreal, Qu\'{e}bec, Canada},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1569901.1569998},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA}
 url = "http://www.evolutioninmaterio.com/preprints/",
group="GP"
}


@inproceedings{hardingcec2009,
  author =       "S. Harding and J. F. Miller and W. Banzhaf",
  title =        "Self Modifying Cartesian Genetic Programming: Parity",
  booktitle =    "2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation",
  year =         "2009",
  editor =       "Andy Tyrrell",
  pages =        "285-292",
  address =      "Trondheim, Norway",
  month =        "18-21 " # may,
  organization = "IEEE Computational Intelligence Society",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  isbn13 =       "978-1-4244-2959-2",
  file =         "P128.pdf",
  abstract =     "Self Modifying CGP (SMCGP) is a developmental form of
                 Cartesian Genetic Programming(CGP). It differs from CGP
                 by including primitive functions which modify the
                 program. Beginning with the evolved genotype the
                 self-modifying functions produce a new program
                 (phenotype) at each iteration. In this paper we have
                 applied it to a well known digital circuit building
                 problem: even-parity. We show that it is easier to
                 solve difficult parity problems with SMCGP than either
                 with CGP or Modular CGP, and that the increase in
                 efficiency grows with problem size. More importantly,
                 we prove that SMCGP can evolve general solutions to
                 arbitrary-sized even parity problems.",
  keywords =     "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, cartesian
                 genetic programming",
  notes =        "CEC 2009 - A joint meeting of the IEEE, the EPS and
                 the IET. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP09ICE-CDR",
                 group="GP"
}

@inproceedings{hardingeurogp2009,
  author    = {Simon Harding and
               Julian Francis Miller and
               Wolfgang Banzhaf},
  title     = {Self Modifying Cartesian Genetic Programming: Fibonacci,
               Squares, Regression and Summing},  
  year      = {2009},
  pages     = {133-144},
  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01181-8_12},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  editor    = {Leonardo Vanneschi and
               Steven Gustafson and others},
  booktitle     = {Genetic Programming, 12th European Conference, EuroGP 2009,
               T{\"u}bingen, Germany, April 15-17, 2009, Proceedings},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {5481},
  year      = {2009},
  isbn      = {978-3-642-01180-1},
  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01181-8},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}


@inproceedings{Kowaliwcec2009,
	title={Evolving novel image features using Genetic Programming-based image transforms},
	author={T. Kowaliw and W. Banzhaf and N. Kharma and S. Harding},
	booktitle={Evolutionary Computation, 2009. CEC '09. IEEE Congress on},
	year={2009},
	month={May},
	pages={2502-2507},
	doi={10.1109/CEC.2009.4983255},
	group="GP"
}        
      

@InCollection{Banzhaf:2008:GPTP,
  author =       "Wolfgang Banzhaf and Simon Harding and 
                 William B. Langdon and Garnett Wilson",
  title =        "Accelerating Genetic Programming through Graphics
                 Processing Units",
  booktitle =    "Genetic Programming Theory and Practice {VI}",
  year =         "2008",
  editor =       "Rick L. Riolo and Terence Soule and Bill Worzel",
  series =       "Genetic and Evolutionary Computation",
  chapter =      "15",
  pages =        "229--249",
  address =      "Ann Arbor",
  month =        "15-17" # may,
  publisher =    "Springer",
  size =         "20 pages",
  keywords =     "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, graphics
                 processing units, parallel processing, GPU",
  size =         "19 pages",
  abstract =     "Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are in the process of
                 becoming a major source of computational power for
                 numerical applications. Originally designed for
                 application of time-consuming graphics operations, GPUs
                 are stream processors that implement the SIMD paradigm.
                 The true degree of parallelism of GPUs is often hidden
                 from the user, making programming even more flexible
                 and convenient. In this chapter we survey Genetic
                 Programming methods currently ported to GPUs.",
  isbn13 =       "978-0-387-87622-1",
  notes =        "part of \cite{Riolo:2008:GPTP} To be published late
                 2008",
url="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1481035",
group="GPU"
}

@inproceedings{hardingpact08,
title = {Genetic Programming on GPUs for Image Processing},
author = {Simon Harding and Wolfgang Banzhaf},
booktitle="Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parallel and Bioinspired Algorithms (WPABA-2008), Toronto, Canada, 2008",
editor = "J. Lanchares and F. Fernandez and J.L. Risco-Martin (Eds.)",
 publisher = "Complutense University of Madrid Press, Madrid",
year="2008",
pages = "65 - 72",
url = "http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=24207&prevQuery=&ps=10&m=or",
group="GPU"
}

@article{harding_genetic_2008,
	title = {Genetic programming on {GPUs} for image processing},
	volume = {1},
	url = "http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=24207&prevQuery=&ps=10&m=or",
	doi = {{10.1504/IJHPSA.2008.024207}},
	abstract = {The evolution of image filters using genetic programming is a relatively unexplored task. This is most likely due to the high computational cost of evaluating the evolved programs. The parallel processors available on modern graphics cards can be used to greatly increase the speed of evaluation. Previous papers in this area dealt with tasks such as noise reduction and edge detection. Here we demonstrate that other more complicated processes can also be successfully evolved and that we can 'reverse engineer' the output from filters used in common graphics manipulation programs.},
	number = {4 },
	journal = {International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture },
	author = {Simon Harding and Wolfgang Banzhaf},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {genetic {programming,GPU,graphics} processing units,image filters,image processing,parallel processing,reverse engineering},
	pages = {231 -- 240},
	group="GPU"
}

@InProceedings{Harding:2008:cec,
  author =       "Simon Harding",
  title =        "Evolution of Image Filters on Graphics Processor Units Using Cartesian Genetic Programming",
  booktitle =    "2008 IEEE World Congress on Computational
                 Intelligence",
  year =         "2008",
  editor =       "Jun Wang",
  address =      "Hong Kong",
  month =        "1-6 " # jun,
  organization = "IEEE Computational Intelligence Society",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  isbn13 =       "978-1-4244-1823-7",
  file =         "EC0465.pdf",
  abstract =     "Graphics processor units are fast, inexpensive
                 parallel computing devices. Recently there has been
                 great interest in harnessing this power for various
                 types of scientific computation, including genetic
                 programming. In previous work, we have shown that using
                 the graphics processor provides dramatic speed
                 improvements over a standard CPU in the context of
                 fitness evaluation. In this work, we use Cartesian
                 Genetic Programming to generate shader programs that
                 implement image filter operations. Using the GPU, we
                 can rapidly apply these programs to each pixel in an
                 image and evaluate the performance of a given filter.
                 We show that we can successfully evolve noise removal
                 filters that produce better image quality than a
                 standard median filter.",
  keywords =     "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, Cartesian
                 Genetic Programming, GPU",
  notes =        "WCCI 2008 - A joint meeting of the IEEE, the INNS, the
                 EPS and the IET.",
	url = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4631051",
	group="GPU"
}

@INBOOK{hardingorganic2008,
chapter = "Artificial Development",
title = "Organic Computing",
author = " Simon Harding and Wolfgang Banzhaf",
year = "2008",
ISBN = "978-3-540-77656-7",
pages = "201 - 220",
editor = "Rolf P. Würtz",
publisher = " Springer Verlag",
url = "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-540-77656-7",
group="GP"
}

@INBOOK{evoinmaterioency2008,
chapter="Evolution In Materio",
author="Simon Harding and Julian F. Miller",
year="2007", 
title = "Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science", 
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
editor= "Robert A. Meyers",
url = "http://www.springer.com/physics/book/978-0-387-75888-6",
group="EVOINMATERIO"
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/gecco/HardingMB07,
  author    = {Simon Harding and
               Julian Francis Miller and
               Wolfgang Banzhaf},
  title     = {Self-modifying cartesian genetic programming},
  year      = {2007},
  pages     = {1021-1028},
  ee        = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1276958.1277161},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  editor    = {Hod Lipson},
  booktitle     = {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2007,
               Proceedings, London, England, UK, July 7-11, 2007},
  publisher = {ACM},
  year      = {2007},
  isbn      = {978-1-59593-697-4},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}
@InProceedings{eurogp07:harding,
  author =       "Simon Harding and Wolfgang Banzhaf",
  title =        "Fast genetic programming on {GPU}s",
  editor =       "Marc Ebner and Michael O'Neill and Anik\'o Ek\'art and 
                 Leonardo Vanneschi and Anna Isabel Esparcia-Alc\'azar",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Genetic
                 Programming",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  volume =       "4445",
  year =         "2007",
  address =      "Valencia, Spain",
  month =        "11 - 13 " # apr,
  pages =        "90--101",
  keywords =     "genetic algorithms, genetic programming",
  ISBN =         "3-540-71602-5",
  isbn13 =       "978-3-540-71602-0",
  doi =          "doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71605-1_9",
  abstract =     "As is typical in evolutionary algorithms, fitness
                 evaluation in GP takes the majority of the
                 computational effort. In this paper we demonstrate the
                 use of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate
                 the evaluation of individuals. We show that for both
                 binary and floating point based data types, it is
                 possible to get speed increases of several hundred
                 times over a typical CPU implementation. This allows
                 for evaluation of many thousands of fitness cases, and
                 hence should enable more ambitious solutions to be
                 evolved using GP.",
  notes =        "Part of \cite{ebner:2007:GP} EuroGP'2007 held in
                 conjunction with EvoCOP2007, EvoBIO2007 and
                 EvoWorkshops2007",
	url = "http://www.springerlink.com/index/w57468k30j124410.pdf",
	group="GPU"
}

@InProceedings{10.1109/HPCS.2007.17,
  author =       "S. L. Harding and W. Banzhaf",
  title =        "Fast Genetic Programming and Artificial Developmental
                 Systems on {GPU}s",
  booktitle =    "21st International Symposium on High Performance
                 Computing Systems and Applications (HPCS'07)",
  year =         "2007",
  pages =        "2",
  address =      "Canada",
  publisher =    "IEEE Computer Society",
  keywords =     "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, GPU",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-2813-9",
  URL =          "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/HPCS.2007.17",
  doi =          "doi:10.1109/HPCS.2007.17",
  abstract =     "In this paper we demonstrate the use of the Graphics
                 Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate Evolutionary
                 Computation applications, in particular Genetic
                 Programming approaches. We show that it is possible to
                 get speed increases of several hundred times over a
                 typical CPU implementation, catapulting GPU processing
                 for these applications into the realm of HPC. This
                 increase in performance also extends to artificial
                 developmental systems, where evolved programs are used
                 to construct cellular systems. Feasibility of this
                 approach to efficiently evaluate artificial
                 developmental systems based on cellular automata is
                 demonstrated.",
	group="GPU"
}

@MISC{harding-2006,
  author = {Simon L. Harding and Julian F. Miller and Edward A. Rietman},
  title = {Evolution in Materio: Exploiting the Physics of Materials for Computation},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0611462}},
  year = {2006},
  url = "http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0611462",
  group="EVOINMATERIO"
}


@article{harding-2008,
  author = {Simon L. Harding and Julian F. Miller and Edward A. Rietman},
  title = {Evolution in Materio: Exploiting the Physics of Materials for  Computation},
  url = "http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0611462",
  year = {2008},
  pages = "155-194",
  journal = "International Journal of Unconventional Computing",
  volume="4",
  number = "2",  
  editor="Andrew Adamatzky",
  publisher="OCP Science",
  group="EVOINMATERIO"
}

@unpublished{deadstate06,
author 	=	{S. Harding and J. F. Miller},
title 	=	{A comparison between developmental and direct encodings. An update of the GECCO 2006 Paper 'The Dead State'},
year    =       {2006},
howpublished 	=	{\url{http://www.cs.mun.ca/~simonh/publications/deadstateupdate.pdf}},
note = "Technical report",

url = "http://www.cs.mun.ca/~simonh/publications/deadstateupdate.pdf",
group="GP"
}

@unpublished{framework,
title="A Framework for the Automatic Identification and Extraction of Computation from Materials",
author="Simon Harding and James Neil and Klaus-Peter Zauner and Julian F. Miller and Kester Clegg",
year="2006", 
note="Technical report",
howpublished = "Technical report",
url = "http://www.evolutioninmaterio.com/publications/",
group="EVOINMATERIO"
}

@unpublished{distga,
title="A Distributed Evolutionary Algorithm Using C Sharp and Mono",
author="Simon Harding",
year="2006",
note="Technical report",
howpublished = "Technical report",
url = "http://www.evolutioninmaterio.com/publications/",
group="GP"
}


@misc{evoinmateriopos,
title="Evolution in Materio: Exploiting the Physics of Materials for Computation",
author="Simon L. Harding and Julian F. Miller and Edward A. Rietman",
howpublished="Position paper at the ‘The Grand Challenge in Non-Classical Computation International Workshop’, York",
year="2005",
url = "http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/nature/workshop/papers.htm",
group="EVOINMATERIO"
}

@InProceedings{deadstategecco06,
author 	=	{S. Harding and J. F. Miller},
title= {The dead state: A Comparison between Developmental and Direct Encodings},
year = "2006",
booktitle = "Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO2006) Workshop Program: Complexity through Development and Self-Organizing Representations (CODESOAR)",
publisher = "ACM Press",
url = "http://www.evolutioninmaterio.com/publications/",
group="GP"
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/eurogp/HardingM05,
  author    = {Simon Harding and
               Julian F. Miller},
  title     = {Evolution of Robot Controller Using Cartesian Genetic Programming},
  booktitle = {EuroGP},
  year      = {2005},
  pages     = {62-73},
  ee        = {http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=3{\&}issn=0302-9743{\&}volume=3447{\&}spage=62},
  editor    = {Maarten Keijzer and
               Andrea Tettamanzi and
               Pierre Collet and
               Jano I. van Hemert and
               Marco Tomassini},
  title     = {Genetic Programming, 8th European Conference, EuroGP2005,
               Lausanne, Switzerland, March 30 - April 1, 2005, Proceedings},
  booktitle = {EuroGP},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {3447},
  year      = {2005},
  isbn      = {3-540-25436-6},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  url = "\http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=3{\&}issn=0302-9743{\&}volume=3447{\&}spage=62",
  group="GP"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Harding05evolutionin,
    author = {Simon Harding and Julian F. Miller},
    title = {Evolution in materio: Evolving logic gates in liquid crystal},
    booktitle = {In Proceedings of the workshop on unconventional computing at ECAL 2005 VIIIth European. Winner of best paper award.},
    year = {2005},
    pages = {12},
    url = "http://www.elec.york.ac.uk/intsys/users/jfm7/ecal2005-harding-miller.pdf",
    group="EVOINMATERIO"
}

@article{hardinglclogic2007,
  author = {Simon L. Harding and Julian F. Miller},
  title = {Evolution In Materio: Evolving Logic Gates in Liquid Crystal}, 
  year = {2007},
  pages = "243-257",
  journal = "International Journal of Unconventional Computing",
  volume="3",
  number = "4",  
  editor="Andrew Adamatzky",
  publisher="OCP Science",
  url = "http://oldcitypublishing.com/IJUC/IJUC\%203.4\%20abstracts/HARDING.html",
  group="EVOINMATERIO"
}



@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ices/HardingM05,
  author    = {Simon Harding and
               Julian F. Miller},
  title     = {Evolution In Materio: Investigating the Stability of Robot
               Controllers Evolved in Liquid Crystal},
  booktitle = {ICES},
  year      = {2005},
  pages     = {155-164},
  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11549703_15},
  editor    = {Juan Manuel Moreno and
               Jordi Madrenas and
               Jordi Cosp},
  title     = {Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware, 6th International
               Conference, ICES 2005, Sitges, Spain, September 12-14, 2005,
               Proceedings},
  booktitle = {ICES},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {3637},
  year      = {2005},
  isbn      = {3-540-28736-1},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11549703_15",
  group="EVOINMATERIO"
}


@inproceedings{harding:2005:EH,
  address = {Washington, DC, USA},
  author = {Simon Harding and Julian F. Miller},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 NASA/DoD Conference on
                 Evolvable Hardware},
  editor = {Jason Lohn and David Gwaltney and Gregory Hornby and Ricardo Zebulum and Didier Keymeulen and Adrian Stoica},
  interHash = {1f02e9f2de6b4ab50741854cce8b2078},
  intraHash = {905cc86dccd7918cb3e021adb8d7422f},
  month = {29 June-1 July},
  pages = {229--238},
  publisher = {IEEE Press},
  title = {Evolution In Materio : {A} Real-Time Robot Controller
                 in Liquid Crystal},
  url = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/EH.2005.22},
  year = {2005},
  isbn = {0-7695-2399-4},
  organisation = {NASA, DoD},
  notes = {EH2005 IEEE Computer Society Order Number P2399},
  abstract = {Although intrinsic evolution has been shown to be
                 capable of exploiting the physical properties of
                 materials to solve problems, most researchers have
                 chosen to limit themselves to using standard electronic
                 components. However, it has been previously argued that
                 because such components are human designed and
                 intentionally have predictable responses, they may not
                 be the most suitable medium to use when trying to get a
                 naturally inspired search technique to solve a problem.
                 Indeed allowing computer controlled evolution (CCE) to
                 manipulate novel physical media can allow much greater
                 scope for the discovery of unconventional solutions.
                 Last year the authors demonstrated, for the first time,
                 that CCE could manipulate liquid crystal to perform
                 signal processing tasks (i.e frequency discrimination).
                 In this paper we show that CCE can use liquid crystal
                 to solve the much harder problem of controlling a robot
                 in real time to navigate in an environment to reach an
                 obstructed destination point.},
                 group="EVOINMATERIO"
}

@article{ 10.1109/EH.2004.1310844,
  author    = {Simon Harding and
               Julian Francis Miller},
  title     = {Evolution in Materio: Initial Experiments with Liquid Crystal},
  booktitle = {Evolvable Hardware},
  year      = {2004},
  pages     = {298-},
  ee        = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/EH.2004.1310844},
  booktitle     = {6th NASA / DoD Workshop on Evolvable Hardware (EH 2004),
               24-26 June 2004, Seattle, WA, USA},
  booktitle = {Evolvable Hardware},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
  year      = {2004},
  isbn      = {0-7695-2145-2},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  url = "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/EH.2004.1310844",
  group="EVOINMATERIO"
}


@inproceedings{harding_evolution_2004,
	title = {Evolution in materio: a tone discriminator in liquid crystal},
	volume = {2},
	abstract = {Intrinsic evolution in evolvable hardware research has hitherto been limited to using standard electronic components as the media for problem solving. However, recently it has been argued that because such components are human designed and intentionally has predictable responses; they may not be the optimal medium to use when trying to get a naturally inspired search technique to solve a problem. Evolution has been demonstrated as capable of exploiting the physical properties of material to form solutions; however, by giving evolution only conventional components, we may be placing arbitrary constraints on our ability to solve certain problems. We have shown for the first time, that liquid crystal can be used as the physical substrate for evolution. We demonstrate that it is possible to evolve various functions, including a tone discriminator, in materio.},
	booktitle = {Evolutionary Computation, 2004. {CEC2004.} Congress on},
	author = {S. Harding and {J.F.} Miller},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {arbitrary constraints,circuit optimisation,electronic components,evolutionary computation,evolvable hardware,intrinsic evolution,liquid crystal,liquid crystal displays,liquid crystals,logic circuits,problem solving,problem solving media,search problems,search technique,tone discriminator},
	pages = {1800--1807 Vol.2},
	url = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1331114",
	group="EVOINMATERIO"
}

@inproceedings{938185,
 author = {Harding,, Simon and Miller,, Julian Francis},
 title = {A Scalable Platform for Intrinsic Hardware and in materio Evolution},
 booktitle = {EH '03: Proceedings of the 2003 NASA/DoD Conference on Evolvable Hardware},
 year = {2003},
 isbn = {0-7695-1977-6},
 pages = {231},
 publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
 address = {Washington, DC, USA},
 url = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1217669",
 group="EVOINMATERIO"
 }


@article{hardinggpem2009,
  author = {Simon L. Harding and Wolfgang Banzhaf},
  title = {Distributed Genetic Programming on GPUs using CUDA}, 
  year = {2009},  
  journal = "Under review",
  publisher = "na",
	url = "http://www.evolutioninmaterio.com/preprints/"  ,
	group="GPU"
}